Plant Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Plant Project - Research Paper Example A concise thought of hypothetical data about the referenced plant will be advantageous for better view of the consequences of the current investigation. Andrographis, or Andrographis paniculata, has a place with the family Acanthaceae. (Hobbs, Gardner, 2013, 17). The country to the plant is the Tropical Asia, especially the Indian Subcontinent with its territories of India and Sri Lanka. (Smile, 2005). Andrographis hs been naturalized to a few geographic areas, it is generally developed and can be considered today to be such locales as Africa (Mauritius), Temperate and Tropical Asia (China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia), Southern America (the Caribbean district), Central America, Australia. (Smile, 2005). â€Å"The plant is erect and broadly stretching, arriving at 2 to 3 feet tall, with long, green, square stems; little, spear molded leaves; and small, spotted, white to pale pink blossoms in long, thin clusters.† (Hobbs, Gardner, 2013, 17). Andrographis is fundamentally utilized for the clinical (drugs making) and treatment purposes: it is conceivable to discover it at the chemists’ as tablets and cases. (Hobbs, Gardner, 2013, 17). This plant has such useful from the clinical perspective highlights as invulnerability boosting and antiviral impact. (Hobbs, Gardner, 2013, 17). Conventional type of this plant application has been the type of decoction or tea, which could be joined by herbs having sweet taste (stevia or licorice), in light of the fact that andrographis is extremely harsh. (Hobbs, Gardner, 2013, 18). The referenced medication will be devoured before the dinners because of its impact of the absorption improving. The purpose of worry here is that it is important to begin with a portion of tea which is feeble, and afterward arrive at more grounded dosages. (Hobbs, Gardner, 2013, 18). Andrographis is fit for treatment of a wide scope of illness conditions and infections of a human body. It very well may be applied for forestalling of influenza and cold, and it

8 most attractive universities for students and great destinations for tourists

8 most appealing colleges for understudies and extraordinary goals for travelers 8 Most Beautiful Places to Go to Graduate School Where to go to graduate school? In the event that you are posing this inquiry and exploring openings where to go as a graduate understudy, this article will give you a lot of thoughts. We chose to find most lovely colleges that don't just offer an intriguing and helpful examination process however look astonishing. The colleges we are going to inform you concerning have a marvelous look and give understudies an awesome encompassing zone to appreciate available time from examining. Top most magnificent colleges to graduate school 8. College of Colorado, Boulder The college is based at the Rocky Mountains and was worked in 1876. The spot has a dry and warm atmosphere, which you will have the option to appreciate by biking and climbing. You can call this spot green as a result of awesome nature and chronicled structures that encompass the college. Rock likewise has a neighborhood farmer’s showcase that runs from April to October and offers local people and understudies the freshest food. 7. Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA This stunning spot with bright days and wonderful sea shores is one of the most loved spots for understudies and visitor who come here. Many individuals everywhere throughout the world would live to set here and appreciate days by the blue water. Understudies who have an extraordinary chance to spend their school a very long time here can swim, sunbathe, and surf lasting through the year. 6. College of Washington, Seattle A wonderful spot, be that as it may, with a maritime atmosphere and wet winters despite everything merits a spot in the rundown of most appealing colleges on the planet. Here understudies have a ton of chances to grow socially. The city is wealthy in music, expressions, theaters, and historical centers. Likewise, the city is additionally renowned for a delightful espresso. You will have a great deal of room to stroll around and appreciate remarkable perspectives. It is even difficult to accept that some youngsters concentrate here and walk those lanes consistently. 5. The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT Five national parks, world-popular Salt Lake, warm summers and cool winters pull in not just youngsters to enter The University of Utah, however vacationer to spend a get-away here. From each purpose of the city, you can appreciate a magnificent perspective on Oquirrh mountain ranges. 4. College of Texas, San Antonio In the event that you need to join concentrating with energizing relaxation, this spot is number one. The city has a subtropical atmosphere and gives a fantastic nightlife. In any case, the city has verifiable roots, it offers a great deal of contemporary amusements. There are a great deal of spots to visit around the college, for example, Japanese Tea Gardens and National Park. 3. College of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI In the event that you are pulled in by rainforests and islands, at that point you should come here. This spot is number one with regards to open air exercises, for example, biking, surfing, and rowing. It is just 3 miles from the college to a well known Waikiki Beach where you can completely appreciate sunbathing, tasting flavorful food, and having a fabulous time around evening time. 2. Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA The college and the grounds are situated along the coastline that gives an amazing perspective on the Pacific Ocean. The atmosphere here suits pretty everybody. It is warm and dry, so understudies and guests of the city can appreciate different exercises. In 2007, The Pepperdine University grounds was appraised number one in the rundown of most excellent grounds everywhere throughout the globe. 1. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH The grounds of this college is called one of the most wonderful not on account of nature here however various open doors for understudies. When you come here, you will have the option to enjoy climbing, biking, and snowmobiling. The college is situated along the Connecticut River and the White Mountain National Forest which are the spots you should see. A surprising engineering from nineteenth century adds appeal to this decent city. Possibly this data will help with composing a paper for your school or school, so don't be timid to utilize it and get a high evaluation!

One Click to Auto Select Code from Blockquote in Blogger

One Click to Auto Select Code from Blockquote in Blogger Blogger tutorial based site specially those who share codes in their Blog then must use blockquote. Generally main feature of blockquote is displaying the widget code within tag. We use different stylish blockquote in our site but often user has to select the whole code block top to bottom for copying. If the code is larger, then it will make little trouble for user. Because by using cursor sometimes mouse pointer become deselected. So the solution is to one click text selection from blockquote by using mouse pointer. After that we have to use copy option for further use of code. But some users may feel irritating. Though this is very simple widget but very useful. For watching demo you can click on code block on this post. Just click on it and all code will be select instantly. Because your blog visitors and code users will feel comfortable to use it. For installing this feature please follow the below steps- Step1Log in to yourBlogger Accountand Go to yourBlogger Dashboard Step2Click on Now click on-Template-Edit HTML Step3Now find the/bodyby pressing Ctrl+F (Windows) or CMD+F (Mac) Step4Copy the code from below and Paste the code above/before/body script type='text/javascript' var pres = document.getElementsByTagName(quot;blockquotequot;); for (var i = 0; i lt; pres.length; i++) { pres[i].addEventListener(quot;clickquot;, function () { var selection = getSelection(); var range = document.createRange(); range.selectNodeContents(this); selection.removeAllRanges(); selection.addRange(range); }, false); } /script Step 5Now simply hit theSave templateButton. Customization If you are using pre code instead of blockquote then replace blockquote with pre. If you want double click to select text then replace click to dblclick. That's it. Now you can check your blog and click on any code from block. And see all code block are select by one click. This really nice and user friendly for the Blog user.

Informative Speech on Organ Donations Essay - 932 Words

Speech Title: Organ Transplants General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: I want to educate my audience about organ donation matching process, the requirements to donate and to receive organs, and how donations can be found. Introduction: 1. Attention Getter: As defined by www.dictionary.com , an organ transplant is deemed an operation moving an organ from an organism (the donor) to another (the recipient). In the U.S. alone surgeons performed 5,273 liver transplants in 2008, according to www.infopleas.com accessed on April 17,2012. 2. Statement of Significance: Most people in the U.S. do not know if they are an organ donor or not. One way to find out is by looking at your driver’s license. 3. Establish Credibility:†¦show more content†¦2. Nevertheless, the matching process is important, but there are requirements to being a donor and a recipient. d. Organ Donor Criteria-According to Barbara Williams and Doris Sandiford Guttebeil in the book Trends in Organ Transplantation. iv. Intact Circulation- blood flow needs to be continuous to all extremities v. No history of malignancies- no previous cancer diagnoses vi. No transmissible infectious diseases- AIDS, HIV vii. No high risk-groups for AIDS- Gays , Some Children or Adults from Africa viii. Brain Death must be established- person must cease having neurons firing in the neuro system ix. Consent from next-of-kin and coroner- Person’s own free will is taken into account by looking at driver’s license x. Age Limit of 70. e. Liver transplants procedure requirements to receive a donor liver are numerous. 1. Cannot have active alcohol or substance abuse. 2. Cancer 3. Advanced Lung and Heart Disease 4. Severe Infection 5. Massive Liver failure 6. HIV infection 7. According to www.kumed.com , accessed on April 11, 2012, most recipients are in the end-stages of liver disease. People can be denied a transplant because of something as small as a sniffle or sneeze. 3. After all the matching process is done and the requirements are met; the next step is to find someone to donateShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech On Organ Donation1915 Words   |  8 PagesDid you know that 121,678 people are currently on lifesaving organ transplant lists and of that 121,678 people, 100,791 of them await kidney transplants? Stated in the Organ Donation and Transplantation statistics, thirteen people every day die waiting for that lifesaving kidney transplant. Thirteen people. While waiting for a kidney transplant, there were 4,761 patients that passed in 2014. Another 3,668 became too sick to be eligible for the transplant surgery. Prune Belly Syndrome, is a seriousRead MoreInformative Speech Organ Donation and Transplant Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagestwo hours someone dies waiting for an organ transplant. 18 people will die each day waiting for an organ. One organ donor can save up to 8 lives. . THE NEED IS REAL In Jan 2006 I began to lose my eyesight. A year later I became a candidate for cornea tissue transplant. I am a cornea tissue transplant recipient. As a result I felt is necessary to inform you about the history and facts on organ donation and transplantation. C. Audience Adaptation – Organ transplantation represents a unique partnershipRead MoreBlood Donation Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Your Name: Tyra Manning-Grate Organization: Topical pattern. Topic: Blood Donation Rhetorical Purpose: To inform my audience on what to expect with blood donation. Redemptive Purpose: To inform my audience how the process of blood donation is simple but life changing for someone else. Exodus 24:8 Moses then took the blood, sprinkled it on the people and said, â€Å"This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with allRead MoreInformation Processing Theory2744 Words   |  11 PagesEntertaining Speech An entertaining speech is one whose sole purpose is to have the audience enjoy the presentation. The purpose of an entertaining speech is not to educate, inform or inspire †¦ it is to make the audience smile, relax, enjoy and maybe even laugh their heads off. How do you make a speech entertaining? There are many ways to entertain an audience. You can: * tell jokes * tell funny stories * dramatize an anecdote * tell a scary story When it comes right down toRead MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pageswithout trying to sell a specific product. This type of advertising is designed solely to build prestige and public respect. For nonprofit institutions, such advertising helps support the institution`s activities – for example, by encouraging blood donations or cash contributions for the work of an organization like the Red Cross. A for-profit business has other reasons for improving its reputation rather than trying to sell a particular product. In some cases a large company may sell a diversity ofRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesthat the staff have an professional development with working lunch. The working lunch would cut back on staff member not able because of child care or schooling. The working lunch would all me as the owner to bring in outside presentors to give informative data and the lastes technology or ethic laws to help the staff and prot ect the patient for the best health care at my local for success. The working lunch for workshops or training will be schedule  monthly and suggestion of what food choiceRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmanagement textbook, it is important that you understand its distinctive learner-focused features especially the five-step learning model: Skill Assessment, Skill Learning, Skill Analysis, Skill Practice, and Skill Application. You’ll also find informative research on how much managers’ actions impact individual and organizational performance, and the characteristics of effective managers. †¢ Thoughtfully complete the Skill Assessment surveys in each chapter. These diagnostic tools are designed toRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesdata in a useful and informative manner. 4 Chapter 1 ââ€"   The Role of Statistics and the Data Analysis Process 4. Analyze the available data. 5. Draw conclusions, make decisions, and assess the risk of an incorrect decision. People informally use these steps to make everyday decisions. Should you go out for a sport that involves the risk of injury? Will your college club do better by trying to raise funds with a beneï ¬ t concert or with a direct appeal for donations? If you choose a particular

The Theory Of Coordination Failure Underlying The...

The Theory of Coordination Failure Underlying the Hypothesis of Rosenstein-Rodan ‘’ But when was ever honey made with one bee in a hive!’’ stated the English poet, author and humourist, Thomas Hood in his poem ‘The Last Man’. These words give an idea about the perfect coordination of bees as they work to produce honey. One bee will fail miserably at producing honey if it sets out to accomplish this task independently. Similarly, coordination in economics involves the integration of various activities by agents in the complex economic system to ensure that scarce resources are efficiently used for the good of all in the society – in the bee’s case, making honey. According to Ray (1998), an alternate, superior equilibrium exists provided†¦show more content†¦In addition, a strategy for planned industrialisation made up of concurrent arrangements which cater for various complementary industries has never existed. In the arguments put across by Rosenstein-Rodan (1943), providing training for labourers who were peasants in the Eastern and South-Eastern European region ought to be the paramount task of industrialization. This would eventually change them into either full-time or part-time workers in industries and increase their level of income. He suggested this because private firms did not consider this venture profitable to them since entrepreneurs may lose capital if they invest in training labourers who will ultimately work with another firm. In order words, a bulk investment in capital and labour was beneficial for development rather than depending on individual firms to accomplish that task. Rosenstein-Rodan’s (1943) most significant reason in support of large-scale investments stems from the idea of complementarities of diverse industries. In his paper, he explains that numerous industries serve as complements to each other. He gives the logical argument which favours planning an extensive form of industrialization citing an example with a rather

Stylistic Analysis of Sonnet 55 by William Shakespeare

Introduction In this paper, different perspectives of the nature of poetic language will be illustrated by using a stylistic analysis of a poem, „Sonnet 55‟, written by William Shakespeare (see Appendix for full poem). In the stylistic analysis, the use of sound and rhythm to convey complement meaning by Shakespeare will be in focus here. Poetic function in poem Poetic language is a type of language that commonly found in poetry1. According to Jakobson (1960), formalists believe poetic function of language is closely connected to literariness2. There are three perspectives to look at the literariness of poem including inherency, cognitive and sociocultural. In inherency perspective, poetic function can be found within the poem†¦show more content†¦Rhyme Line Poem A B A 1 2 3 Not marble, nor the gilded monuments Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme; But you shall shine more bright in these contents B C D C D 4 5 6 7 8 Than unswept stone besmear d with sluttish time. When wasteful war shall statues overturn, And broils root out the work of masonry, Nor Mars his sword nor war s quick fire shall burn The living record of your memory. E F E F 9 10 11 12 Gainst death and all-oblivious enmity Shall you pace forth; your praise shall still find room Even in the eyes of all posterity That wear this world out to the ending doom. G G 13 14 So, till the judgment that yourself arise, You live in this, and dwell in lovers‟ eyes. From line 1 to line 12, subject of the poem is built, i.e. everything will be ruined and forgotten except the subject who will be praised eternally6. The last two lines conclude that the subject live in poet‟s poem and its spirit is kept alive in the heart of all lovers immortally6. Hence, the final couplet is a pithy summary of the whole poem. Assonance and Alliteration Assonance involves the patterns of repetition of vowel sounds8. In this poem, 7 pairs of assonances can be found at the end of every line7 and the repetition of vowel is bolded and underlined below. It connects important words together and helps the reader to notice meaning connection between the words. 6 Fineman, KellyShow MoreRelatedStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction. *Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. Barry Goldwater *Brutus: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar 14. Anecdote A very short tale told by a character in a literary work. In Chaucers Canterbury Tales, The Millers Tale and The Carpenters Tale are examples a short account of a particular incident or event of

Life Cycle of Project Management-.com

Questions: 1.Define what a Methodology is and the role it serves in Project Management. 2.Familiarise yourselves with the various Methodologies. Choose two Methodologies from this list to Compare and Contrast, analysing the similarities and differences between them both. 3.Finally, identify how your chosen Methodologies and processes relate to the Project Life Cycle (PLC). Answers: 1.Methodology its role in Project Management Methodology is a set of principles and processes which makes the execution of project easier with less risk of schedule and cost overrun. Project management methodology helps in improving the consistency of project, provide flexibility to its processes, producing better results and predict the risks well in advance. The pre-set methodologies help in providing clear and well-set information regarding roles and responsibilities to the team members and in turn it provides satisfaction to stakeholders for all the projects(Goff, 2013). It is an approach of repeated use of various proven processes in project management (PM). Project management can get better results by having the flexibility of taking decisions among the few proven methods, improving the governance of the project, increasing the success chances, eliminating the chances of getting failure, reducing the rework and increasing the productivity and all these requirements could be made available by the use of PM Mythologies(Victoria, 2013). 2.Methodologies There are various kinds of approaches or techniques or methodologies of conducting the project management activities by its team members which can make the project processes more convenient, economical and beneficial. Various methodologies are Waterfall, it is the traditional form of project management where the stages or the activities involved are tightly interlinked that any successor cannot start until the finish of the predecessor stages of activity, the Agile is the approach where continuous teamwork and its inputs are required for the project execution(Wrike, 2017). Other methodologies are SDLC are the traditional approaches which were being adopted for execution of the project (Thomas, 2007), PRINCE2, where the assessment is done at every stages and the project board members takes the driver seat and manager acts for the daily coordination, Six Sigma, where all the deliverables are produced with a target of 99.99966% defect free, Scrum, where the removing the barriers of the project remains the main target of members, PRiSM, is the approach of executing the project efficiently and reducing the environment footprint due to the project activities, Lean, where the main target of the members are to analyze and find the way of executing the project in easiest way without wasting many resources, Critical Path Method where the shortest period of executing the project is the main approach by assigning extra resources wherever needed and many more such approaches are developed, but the choice of particular type is the main role of the Project Manager because each methodology is useful for particular type of project only. Now let us discuss the similarities, differences between Waterfall and Agile models of PM Methodologies: Waterfall: Useful for the projects where scope is very clear from the beginning of the project stages Advantageous for the projects with limited resources and financial large sized Disadvantageous for the projects where its scope change is dynamic Agile: Useful for the projects where scope is not clear and is always allowed going under changes Advantageous for the projects depends on peoples feedback like marketing, IT etc. Disadvantageous for the projects with limited financial arrangements and time The major similarity is that both the models act with the approach to deliver the best quality product in very effective and efficient manner. 3.Methodologies related to project life cycle Project life cycle is consisting of four stages which are sequential and inter linked to each other to complete the whole project. The four phases are Initiation, Planning, Execution and Closeout(University, 2015). The methodology brings the stakeholders expectation in same direction so the stakeholder management system becomes easier, recruiting the desired competency level of people becomes simpler due to pre-set criteria in the methodologies and in this manner the PM Methodologies becomes the main part of Initiation process(Tech., 2013). Next stage is Planning where the activities like development of scope of project with less available information, assessing the project risk more accurately, developing activity planning more accurately, developing the project budget with very limited variations, preparation of communication plan etc. can be made easier using PM Methodologies, likewise the activities of Execution, development of teams by providing proper training, conducting vendo r selection for procurement are again can be done very much effectively by using the PM Methodologies. Even in Closing stage too the activities like acceptance of deliverables, document lessons learnt in proper format are the task could be made accurate by using PM Methodologies. So the PM Methodologies are very much important to be followed throughout the project life cycle to make it easier, profitable and satisfy all stakeholders expectations. References Goff, S. (2013). What Is a PM Methology? Retrieved August 10, 2017, from International Project Management Association: https://www.ipma.world/assets/PMMethods.pdf Tech., V. (2013). Project Management Methodology / Life Cycle Overview. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from itplanning.org.vt.edu: https://www.itplanning.org.vt.edu/pm/methodology.html Thomas, F. (2007). Integration of the project management life cycle (PMLC) and the systems development life cycle (SDLC) in accelerated project efforts. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from pmi.org: https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/integration-pmlc-sdlc-7262 University, B. S. (2015, February 5). Project Management Office. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from bridgew.edu: https://my.bridgew.edu/departments/ITProjectManagementOffice/Shared%20Documents/Project%20Management%20Methodology%20v15.pdf Victoria, S. G. (2013, July 1). Selecting a project management methodology. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from enterprisesolutions.vic.gov.au: https://www.enterprisesolutions.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/PM-GUIDE-01-Project-management-methodology-selection-guideline.pdf Wrike. (2017). The Beginners Guide to Project Management Methodologies. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from Wrike: https://www.wrike.com/download/the_beginners_guide_to_project_management_methodologies.pdf

The film industry

The period before, during and after the Second World War was a time when people in different nations were not particularly familiar with the details of combat and politics in far away parts of the world. The film industry has helped familiarize people with what was really going on and films â€Å"Why We Fight† were one of many that showed American people the reality of war.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The film industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The violent battles of Europe were rather far from the western civilization and so, films were used to transfer the atmosphere of the battle to the citizens and soldiers. The visual depiction of battles was very effective, as stories and newspaper articles were not able to present the images and general conditions of the violent conflict. The films were made a necessary attribute of soldiers who would be facing combat and the first-hand camera work docume ntaries added a great deal to the effect of movies. The messages and more particularly propaganda were another major part of the film industry. It would depict a certain nation in a specific perspective that would send the message to the viewers. For example, the movie â€Å"Soy Cuba† showed the hardships that Cuban people had to suffer and the real affects of the Cold War. It has been said that the United States were shown in a negative light but the overall message of the production was to depict the suffering of simple citizens who had no intentions to partake in any armed conflict. It also describes how morality and ethics become lowered during the intense conflict between nations and people lose their humanity. A similar message is sent by the movie â€Å"Battle of Algiers†, as it shows how Algerians were fighting for their independence from French. The cruelty and human abuse that took place is shown in the most open and truthful way and the suffering of both Alg erians and French, was illustrated in most vivid terms. It is interesting that the tactics that were used by the revolutionaries were not of open combat and were later shown to soldiers in order to demonstrate what to expect from guerilla tactics. This serves as another reminder that during war, people will resort to any means necessary in order to save themselves in the fight for independence and freedom of their country or nation. A movie that represents yet another fight against the regime is â€Å"Battleship Potemkin†. The sailors of the ship refused to follow orders that were demeaning and inhumane. The unity of people against tyranny is portrayed through their selfless sacrifice and unification for the common goal.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The movies of the pre and post war era have been known to show patriotic but also humane qualities that people exhi bited in the face of fear and death. Many times, it has been proven that patriotism does not mean raising arms against fellow citizens or following orders and political interests that go separately from freedom and liberation from oppressors. The movies have had a profound effect on people’s understanding of world affairs and the fight for what is right. Visual techniques, as well as character play have proved to be the display of people’s emotions and determination to serve justice and freedom. The idea and plot were so powerful that these movies are still viewed today and are considered masterpieces out of time.x This essay on The film industry was written and submitted by user Baylee Walsh to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

SAT Logistics - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

SAT Logistics - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In the U.S., the SAT is offered seven times throughout the year, in January, March (or April), May, June, October, November, and December. Internationally, the SAT is typicallyoffered six times, including all the aforementioned dates with the exception of March. The redesigned SAT, commonly referred to as the new SAT, will be first administered in March of 2016. Students testing internationally will first encounter the new SAT in May of 2016. Note: this article is a series in the PrepScholar2016 Students' Encyclopedia, a free students' and parents' SAT / ACT guide that provides encyclopedic knowledge. Read all the articles here! Most SAT administrations begin at 8:30 AM on Saturdays. Students whose religious beliefs prevent them from testing on Saturday may request an alternative date at the time of registration, though their requests are subject to denial. Students with documented disabilities may request accommodations, the most common of which is extra time. Typicallythe full test is strictly timed at3 hours and 45 minutes, while the actual testing time is approximately 4.5 hours to include the proctor's instructions and three 5 minute breaks. Students may not revisit any sections once time has been called, nor may they discuss test material during break time. Proctors are expectedto report anysuspicious behavior, such as flipping through sections in the test booklet or using prohibited materials, and they have the authority to dismiss students from the testing room. College Board also has the right to withhold, audit, or cancel individual test scores, often as a result of a warning from a proctor or unexplained score fluctuations among sections. Students may speak to their test proctors or contact College Board directlywith concerns about their testing centers, including issueswith timing, noise, instructions, or possible cheating. The June 6, 2015 administration of the SAT, for instance, had timing issues due to a misprint in the testbooklets. To resolve this issue, College Board decided to leave the affected sections unscored, saying they were still "able to provide students with valid and reliable scores." Apart from strict regulations in timing, the SAT also has clearly stated rules about acceptable materials within the testing room. Students may only use Number 2 pencils to write on the answer sheet and essay section. Most graphingcalculators and all scientific and four-function calculators are allowed during the math sections. Snacks and drinksmay be consumed during breaks outside of the testing room. All other materials, especially technology with communication capabilities, like cell phones and recording devices, are strictly prohibited. The SAT costs $54.50, with an additional regional fee of $30 to $40 for students testing outside of the U.S. Fee waivers are available for eligible students and include registration for up to two SATs, two SAT Subject Test dates (on which students can take as many as three Subject Tests, with some exceptions), and an additional four score reports to colleges. The typical requirement for fee waiver eligibility is a student's inclusion on his/her school's federal Free or Reduced Lunch program. Students register for the SAT through their College Board account. It is also possible, and required for students under the age of 13, to register by mail. When creating aCollege Board account, students will be prompted to inputautobiographical information, their high school code (U.S.-based homeschoolers use code 970000), and a clear, recent photograph to be used for identification purposes on test day. During registration, students can choose their test date and testing center, usually their local high school. If their preferred testing center is full, students can selectanother nearby center or choose to be placed on a standby list.The deadline to register is typicallyabout one month before the test date. Additional fees apply for late registration, changes to test date or location, and standby testing. During registration or for up to 9 days after, students may choose as many asfour colleges to bescore report recipients free of charge. Any additional score reports cost $11.25 each. Scores are usually available about three weeks after testing. Official SAT score reports must be sent to colleges, even if students also self-report their scores on the Common Application or college-specific application forms. As of 2009, College Board offers SAT Score Choice, giving students choice over which SAT score reports are sent to colleges. Students who wish to view their SAT scores before sending them to colleges may choose to forego the four free score reports at the time of registration. Some colleges prohibit the use of Score Choice, requiring students to send all available SAT scores from all dates they took the test. Schools that expect students to send the results from their entire testing history include Duke University, Rice University, Stanford University, the University of Pennsylvania, Yale University, and all schools in the University of California system. The majority of colleges allow the use of Score Choice and may consider a student's highest section scores across all dates or highest sitting on one test date. More than half of all test-takerschoose to take the SAT more than once. Studies have shown that students are statistically likely to improve their scores upon retesting. Preparation has also been shown to significantly improve SAT scores. Most students take the SAT in their junior and senior year of high school. Others take the test earlier to ensure a greater number of available test dates for retesting. Important considerations in choosing test dates include college application deadlines, colleges' policies towards SAT scores and Score Choice, preparation time, and skill readiness. Read more from the SAT Encyclopedia! Further Reading How to Register for the SAT, Step by Step How Many Times Should You Take the SAT? Choose Your SAT Test Dates: When's a Good Time for You?

300 (2006) Movie Critical Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

300 (2006) Movie Critical Review - Essay Example For ten days, Leonidas and his valiant men fight against the Persians. The Greek Ephialtes, however, defects to Xerxes and reveals a separate path through Thermopylae, which the Persians used to defeat the Greeks. Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) successful persuades the Council to send reinforcement to Leonidas, but it is too late. Leonidas and all his men perished. Nevertheless, the battle continues, since Dilios leads a larger Greek army against the Persian army and launches the Battle of Plataea. The film has not precisely depicted some of the causes of the Battle, beliefs and attitudes, technology, dress, events, characters and speech of the time, as it turned a historical fact into a romantic myth that emphasizes the inaccurate dichotomy between the â€Å"evil† Asians and the â€Å"good† white race. The film did not accurately depict the causes of the Battle at Thermopylae and severely dichotomized historical characters, although the Battle itself is not fictitious. The Battle of Themopylae truly occurred, which Herodotus and other ancient writers described. The film shows that Leonidas fought for freedom and independence of not only Sparta, but the whole of Greece, though this is a simplistic reason for his motivation, according to Eugene N. Borza, professor emeritus of ancient history at Pennsylvania State University. It was still unclear why the Persians charged to Thermopylae, so it is hard to answer why the Greeks prepared to go to war with the former at Thermopylae. The film also no longer explores the â€Å"complex issues faced by the Greek city-states confronting the Persian advance† (Borza). Nevertheless, the Spartans did courageously stand against the Persians and all of them died there, except those who defected to the Persians and deserted the Spartan army. Their last stand, as a result, has been subjected to numerous various interpretations, to which the film â€Å"300† also belongs. Furthermore, the film has depicted a r ather stereotyped dichotomy between Asians and whites. The Asians, specifically Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro), are illustrated as the â€Å"embodiment of evil and mindless tyranny, as opposed to the Spartans who represent freedom and justice† (Borza). The black and white division between the Asians and the Greeks perpetuate Orientalism and not the real facts about the Persians as people and their leaders. The film does not capture the actual figures of the historical event, but it did highlight some factual military strategies. Leonidas did not have only 300 soldiers with him, because according to Herodotus, the â€Å"Father of History,† he also brought thousands other Greeks and slaves. Borza stresses that it is â€Å"ludicrous to suggest† that an experienced Spartan general like Leonidas would think that 300 men would suffice against tens or even hundreds of thousands of enemies. That thinking would border both hubris and stupidity. Borza asserts that the Spartan s tand at Thermopylae consisted of â€Å"a force of perhaps six to seven thousand Greeks.† Moreover, the location of Thermopylae was strategic, because â€Å"the Persians would be unable to take advantage of their massive preponderance in numbers; instead, they would have to face the Greeks in close-quarter, hand-to-hand combat† (Frye 39). Also, the casualties to the Asians were high, because the Greeks fought well and hard too (Borza). â€Å"300† specifically capitalizes on close-up and medium shots of the battle with spurting blood and flinging, cut-off body parts that would have happened in a real hand-to-hand battle. Thus, the location enhanced the strategy of the Greeks against the Persians, while Snyder ensures hardcore action battle scenes with graphic shots and

Syria Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Syria Revolution - Essay Example However, unlike the practical main revolution that causes increased violence and destruction from below, the Syrian revolution was started from above courtesy of reform coup and this paved way for the long Baath’s party military reign that made people feel greatly isolated under the leadership of Assad. Assad played a main role in the leadership of the revolution from above that caused land reforms, education expansion and extension industrialization sponsored by state that favored the elite group of the society. Tom achieve increased power in the Arabic world and secure his power from the West, Assad waged war on Israelites and rejected the United States policy. It examines the outbreak and possible causes of the uprising and to identify the main reasons behind the revolution of Syria, the book examines factors like social conflict, weakness of the institutions, radical parties’ emergence, the military politicization and the function of unfavorable external situation. For instance, according to the author, the revolution traces its origin to the various coups and counter-coups that happened in the early 1960s. The Syrian uprising compared to the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions was grounded on the revolt of peasants, a Sunni periphery protest against the regime of Baath that turned its back on the Syrian local population, (Hinnebusch 12). Later on, the uprising took on diverse dimensions with Muslim Brotherhoods – Jihadists – entering into the conflict because of the heretical aspects of the regime and due to its alliance with Iran Shiites and Hezbollah. Resultantly, because of Jihad, various demonstrators from across the Arabic and Islamic world have emerged in Syria, although, the slogan of Jihad did not trigger Syrians to enter into the uprising. A different dimension according to the author is revenge, basing from the extreme violent efforts from the regime to halt the protest waves. He suggests that the brutality of the reign acted to extend the circle of the protestors involved in the uprising. A number of people who later joined the protest were encouraged by the desire to avenge their family member, friends and relatives’ bloodshed, and destruction of their properties, cities and settlements by the forces of the regime during the uprising. The book explains the power concentration under the President Assad and examines how presidential monarchy creation buttressed by inherited kin and people commanding repression instrument was integrated with the establishment of Lenisit political organization consisting of a local constituency. The leadership was an inherited type of leadership, for instance, it was a the forty-year regime of the dynasty of Assad – initially under Hafiz and later Bashar, Assad’s son and predecessor, which has prospered in making the nation a firm and stable nation. It also analyzes the Assad’s response to the uprising and the effects of the revolution to Syria as a nation and the entire world. Hinnebusch Raymond also examines the political economy of the development of economy, indicating how industrialization, liberalization of economy and agrarian reforms lead to an increasingly equitable and different but significantly flawed

Strengthening Community Action Through Community Development Social Work Essay

Strengthening Community Action Through Community Development Social Work Essay Although the term empowerment is frequently used, the availability of high-quality research which demonstrates its success for improving the wellbeing of communities is fairly minimal (Woodall et al. 2010). There is, however, some evidence that shows that empowerment programs can lead to improve outcomes for participants. For example, in examining the effectiveness of interventions using community development approach, the Migrant Resource Centre of South Australia, which provides programs that targets particular community groups, including women, younger people, has recorded some promising ability to impact the lives of young refugees (MRCSA Annual Report, 2009). In fact, this essay argues that while community development interventions are difficult to measure, the migrant Resource Centre of South Australia has registered significant gains in the area of youth empowerment. This essay will highlight the various intervention programs implemented by the Migrant Resource Centre of South Australia (MRCSA). However, case study will focus on its youth empowerment component and to evaluate the overall effectiveness of community development approach of the organisation. To achieve this task, the essay is partitioned as follows. The first part will examine the definitions of empowerment. The next section will discuss about community development as a strategy and a model of practice by the Migrant Resource Centre of South Australia (MRCSA). The third section discusses the impact and challenges of this intervention. The final part of the essay will evaluate the impact of MRCSAs youth empowerment program among a number of interventions. Background and definition of the Concept of Empowerment In the 1990s the term empowerment began to replace community participation (Rifkin, 2003). Empowerment according to Rifkin has conceptually evolved from the idea of lay participation in technical activities to a broader concern of improving life situations of the poor. This evolution can be traced historically in the areas of policy and in community activities. In the policy area, Rifkin proposes that three theoretical constructs can be identified to trace the changing view of participatory approaches from consensus building to empowerment. These Rafkin stated correspond to the political and political environment of the time. The historical development of the concept of empowerment helps explain why there is no universally accepted definition of empowerment (Rifkin, 2003). However a number of scholars defined it as a process (McArdle, 1989; Laverack, 2005; Werner, 1988; Kilby, 2002). McArdle (1989) defines empowerment as a process whereby decisions are made by the people who will wear the consequences of those decisions. Similarly Werner (1988) and Laverack (2005) describe the concept of empowerment as a process by which people are able to gain or seize power to control over decisions and resources that determine their lives. Moreover, Kilby (2002) describe a process by which disadvantaged people work together to increase control over events that determine their lives. Expansion of individuals choices and actions, primarily in relation to others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ fundamentally a shift of power to those who are disempowered. From a public health perspective, empowerment involves acting with communities to achieve their goals (Talbot Verrinder, 2005). This implies working with disadvantaged individuals or groups to challenge structural disadvantaged (on the basis of class, gender, ethnicity or ability) and influence their health in a positive way. The application of the concept into the field of health promotion as outline by Laverack and Labonte (2000) is categorized in two folds; the bottom-up programming and the top-down programming. The former more associated with the concept of community empowerment begins on issues of concern to particular groups or individuals and regards some improvement in their overall power or capacity as the important health outcome. The later more associated with disease prevention efforts begin by seeking to involve particular groups or individuals in issues and activities largely defined by health agencies and regards improvement in particular behaviours as the important h ealth outcome. Laverack and Labonte (2000) thus viewed community empowerment more instrumentally as a means to the end of health behaviour change. They argue that community empowerment which is defined as a shift towards greater equality in the social relations of power is an unavoidable feature of any health promotion efforts. On a much broader scale empowerment promotes participation of people, organisations and communities towards the goals of increased individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life, and social justice (Wallerstein, 1992). The next section is a case example of how this approach is applied by an agency in dealing with question of social inclusion. Community Development: A case of Migrant Resource Centre of South Australia (MRCSA) By reviewing the previous definitions of empowerment and examining MRCSAs framework, It is clear that the worker in (MRCSA) understand and adopt empowerment concept similar to which all of McArdle (1989); Laverack (2005); Werner (1988); Kilby (2002) and WHO (1986) do understand and adopt where empowerment is a matter of giving people the right and the opportunity to exercise power and control regarding making decisions that affect their health promoting. In addition, in order to empower migrant people and communities, the (MRCSA) provide and still providing number of interventions based on community development model of practice. According to Tesoriero (2010), community development is the use of a set of ongoing structures and processes which enable the community to meet its own needs. Similar to Tesoriero (2010), Community Development is understood and implemented by the (MRCSA) as a multifaceted program of activities that concentrated on supporting the need of new arrivals and their new and emerging communities to understand their rights and obligations, to link into training and employment pathways and to develop networks of support within their local and in the broader community (www.mrcsa.com.au). In fact, The MRCSA has adopted Laverack and Labontes (2000) bottom-up approach in implementing their programs by consult sing and working closely with leaders and key representatives of new and emerging communities, including women and young people, to support them in gaining the knowledge and skills that they need to further their independence as well as their capacity to support and provide assistance to their members. Moreover, beside community development programs, MRCSA is providing number of womens advocacy programs, youth leadership and participation and employment advocacy programs, As well. The programs also include Refugee Mens Talk, an initiative supporting men to adapt to their new social environment. To ensure and facilitate the participation of new and emerging communities in their local areas and in regional areas where they settle, or resettle, the program includes local government and regional initiatives. MRCSA believes that new and emerging communities require a place in which to implement their own activities. The organisation provides these through its own community centres and through linkages with other community facilities. Also, Given that community development as an approach require working across divergent spheres, the Migrant Resource Centre of South Australia (MRCSA) maintain link with a number of stakeholders. These include the Commonwealth Government, the state of South Australia and the NGO community.(www.mrcsa.com.au). At the level of the Commonwealth Government, the links include; Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Centrelink, Employee Advocate, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and Australia Council for the Arts. At the level of the State Government the links are; Multicultural SA, Department of Health, Department of Families and Communities, Department of Education and Childrens Services, Skills SA, English Language Services TAFE SA, Arts SA, Office for Women, Womens Information Service, Womens Health State Wide, Local Government Association of SA and Be Active. The links within the Non-Government Sector includes; Settlement Council of Austra lia (SCoA), Refugee Council of Australia, Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils of Australia (FECCA) LM Training Specialists, SA Council of Social Service (SACOSS), Service to Youth Council (SYC), Working Womens Centre, Migrant Womens Support and Accommodation Service, Youth Affairs Council of SA (YACSA), Anglicare SA, African Communities Council (ACCSA), Middle Eastern Communities Council (MECCSA), Volunteering SA and Northern Territory. Analysing this web of networks from Labontes, (1992) community development continuum, the MRCSAs programs deal with individuals which transcend to small groups, community organisations, coalition advocacy and political action. With this wide array of networks, the organization has been facilitated to maintains a huge amount of social capital and through careful co-ordination, it stands a lot to gain in achieving its primary objectives (Butter et al. 1966) The next section will focus on one of its many programs in the area of youth enhancement. Youth Empowerment Program The Migrant Resource Centre of South Australia (MRCSA) works closely with the leadership and key representatives of its client communities, including women and young people to support them in acquiring the knowledge and skills that they need to further their independence and self-determination, as well as their capacity to assist their members with their settlement and participation (www.mrcsa.com.au)). These goals are achieved through a number of programs including ethnic leaders forum, adult migrant education, community management and leadership forum by way of funding and leadership training. This section focuses on its youth empowerment program with emphasis on the Newly Arrived Youth Settlement Services (NAYS). The primary objective of this program as outlined in the MRCSA Annual Report (2008-2009) is to empower young people to develop their own programs and to become advocates for themselves, their families and communities. In partnership with TAFE SA, the MRCSA conducted a number of training programs for young people who were not engaged in school or work. Specific training includes Certificate II in Information Technology, Productively Places Program Certificate II, Volunteering, work experience capacity building, apprentiships and traineeships (MRCSA Annual Report (2008-2009). Through its new arrival humanitarian settlement program, the MRCSA has been an advocate and a voice for the inclusion and participation of young people of refugee background (www.mrcsa.com.au). According to the 2010 MRCSA Youth Empowerment Program Annual Report, the program has since 1998 addressed the needs of young people from new and emerging communities in South Australia through a multi-faceted program. The program provides young people with a range of services that aim to further their resilience, leadership skills and pathways to employment and independence. The MRCSA Youth Empowerment Program for 2008-2009 provided assistance to five hundred and twenty-nine (529) young people of refugee background, most of them recent arrivals to South Australia, to achieve some of their goals (Annual Report 2009-2010). These achievements were based on strong foundations upon which MRCSA operate. The next section will discuss the guiding principles which form the basis of MRCSAs operations. MRCSA Guiding Principles The Migrant Resource Centre of South Australias philosophy and approach in working with young people from refugee backgrounds outline a number of guiding principles (Annual Report, 2008-2009). The principles discussed below indicate that MRCSA operates Laverack and Labontes (2000) bottom-up approach of community development. The guiding principles include the following: Firstly, any youth programs, initiatives or activities are shaped and driven by the young people themselves through consultation with their peers. Secondly, young people are encouraged and supported to speak for themselves to drive their own development; the role of the MRCSA is that of mentor and advisor only. Thirdly, the importance of young peoples connection to family and community is recognized, valued and supported. Fourthly, the ethnic, religious and cultural identity and heritage of young people is affirmed and respected. Fifthly, respect for gender differences and how these impact on the planning and delivery of the youth program. Also, young people are active decision makers. Finally, an action research approach informs continuous service improvement and best practice. These guiding principles are based on the premise that empowerment strategies focus on what people can do to empower themselves and so deflect attention from social issues (Keleher et al. 2007; Keleher, and Murphy, 2004) . However, Labonte (1990) warns that unless national and international trends are taken into account, the decentralization of decision-making may shift from victim blaming of individuals to victimizing powerless communities. In view of such warnings, Wilson et al (1999) suggest that effective primary health care as in the case of public health functions depends on efforts to link local issues to broader social issues. Intersectoral action can be used to promote and achieve shared goals in a number of other areas, for example policy, research, planning, practice and funding. It may be implemented through a myriad of activities including advocacy, legislation, community projects, and policy and programme action. It may take different forms such as cooperative initiativ es, alliances, coalitions or partnerships (Health Canada http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca) What are the Barriers? In achieving their goal of empowering communities, the Migrant Resource Centre of South Australia (MRCSA) faces a number of challenging issues. When young refugees arrive in Australia they face a number of challenges. They need to begin a new life, establish new friends and networks and find pathways that link them into mainstream community (MRCSA Annual Report, 2008-2009). Some young people may also be at risk and need to deal with issues around language, religious identity, grief and loss, the justice system, consumer culture and intergenerational tension (MRCSA Annual Report, 2008-2009). Young people also need ways of dealing with race, racism and their identity (MRCSA Annual Report, 2008-2009). There are fewer opportunities for young women from new and emerging communities to participate in sport due to the barriers they experience from within sporting environments and their own communities (MRCSA Annual Report, 2009). These barriers can be based on cultural, religious, and gender expectations of young women and their roles in their community. The report (MRCSA, 2009) also highlighted other factors affecting young women participation in sports. These include; lack of parental support, perceived fear of racism, lack of knowledge about the structure of sport in Adelaide and high cost of membership and registration fees. On the other hand, community development approach can pose barriers to Public Health Practitioners in a number of ways. Epidemiological, sociological, and psychological evidence of the relationship between influence, control, and health, provide a rationale for a community empowerment approach to health education. For example, studies show an association between powerlessness (or similarly, learned helplessness, alienation, exploitation) and mental and physical health status. Examining the application of community empowerment approach to health education, Israel (1994) identified a number of limitations and barriers to this approach. Firstly, situations where community members past experiences and normative beliefs result in feelings that they do not have influence within the system (powerlessness, quiescence) and hence, they may feel that getting involved in an empowerment intervention would not be worthwhile. Secondly, differences in, for example, social class, race, ethnicity, tha t often exist between community members and health educators that may impede trust, communication, and collaborative work. Thirdly, role-related tensions and differences that may arise between community members and health educators around the issues of values and interests, resources and skills, control, political realities, and rewards. Fourthly, difficulty in assessing/measuring community empowerment and being able to show that change has occurred. Fifthly, the health education profession does not widely understand and value this Approach. Next, risks involved with and potential resistance encountered when challenging the status quo, for the individual, organizations, and community as well as the health educator. Seventhly, the short time-frame expectations of some health educators, their employers, and community members are inconsistent with the sustained effort that this approach requires in terms of long-time commitment of financial and personal resources. Finally, the collecti on and analysis of extensive amounts of both qualitative and quantitative data to be used for action as well as evaluation purposes may be perceived as slowing down the process. Inspire of these barriers, community development is still relevant to Public Health Practitioners. Epidemiological, sociological, and psychological evidence of the relationship between influence, control, and health, provide a rationale for a community development approach to health education (Israel, 1994). For example, studies show an association between powerlessness (or similarly, learned helplessness, alienation, exploitation) and mental and physical health status (Israel, 1994). The challenges posed by community development approach also extend to the wider arena of state level. The demand on government and competition for resources by professionals is a major obstacle. Similarly, Inter-professional distrust and reluctance to share information also remains a major obstacle. The way in which governments fund departments can be an obstacle to collaboration (Baum, 1993). It is therefore argued that Stability of an organisation and its staff is important for interagency agreements and establishing trust (Walker et al. 2000). Walker (2002) further argued that Competition for resources can affect trust and intergroup conflict can occur when there is a lack of adversaries. However, insecurity brought on by political and economic uncertainty can facilitate political coalitions (Weisner, 1983). Overcoming the barriers Overcoming the barriers will require a concerted effort from communities, concerned organisations and government. The Proceedings of 2008 the Conference on Social Inclusion for New and Emerging Communities, outline some of the areas that need urgent interventions are discussed below. Racism and discrimination Identified as a major area of concern, combating discrimination requires coordinated and targeted social inclusion and human right measures. The focus should not be limited to what occurs in a social context (e.g. schoolyard, public places etc.) but also the systemic racism that supports discrimination, the perpetuation of racial stereotypes, and institutional inclusion e.g. within the justice system, the employment sector and in the blocks to the recognition of overseas qualifications and experience as well as the registration and utilization of these. Women and safety Women should have the right to feel safe in their homes as well as the broader community, to access culturally appropriate services for themselves and their families (e.g. health, childcare, education etc ), to learn English without it compromising their chances at finding a job and to undertake training that prepares them for work and improve their employment potential. Empowering young people The voices of the diversity of young people rather than a token representative from new and emerging communities must be listened to and give strong credence in the advance of a national or state framework for social inclusion. Supporting the empowerment and participation of young people as future citizens and leaders of Australia will serve the country culturally, socially and economically. Base on the above discussion in the case of challenges to MRCSA operations, solutions to barriers could be summarized therein; Barriers can be overcome through integrated structures, developing responsibility within structures Support of local leaders, developing leadership skills for negotiation and collaboration. Enhancing Regional networks/structures, established processes and relationships are important for collaboration. Conclusion From the case studies, it was found that the Migrant Resource Centre of South Australia (MRCSA) utilize community mobilization approaches to improve equity of services, reduce institutional barriers within the society, enhance participation in new and emerging communities, strengthen civil society associations and create healthy social policies. The programs demonstrated that opportunities for community voices to be heard had been increased and this had raised community capacity to maximise their needs and create change. This study also found that empowerment can have a positive impact on participants self-efficacy, self-esteem, sense of community and sense of control and, in some cases, empowerment can increase individuals knowledge and awareness and lead to behaviour change. These findings were particularly apparent on youth empowerment approaches and those programmes concerning young women.

The Sow by Sylvia Plath :: Poem Poetry

Sylvia Plaths poem, Sow, depicts a beast of mythic proportions through various images, comparisons, and specific word choices. By presenting the sow from both the point of view of its owner, neighbor, and of the speaker, Plath paints a vivid picture of farmyard decadence that the reader can relate to. The first three stanzas present an image of neighbor as a secretive, but shrewd farmer. He is shrouded in mystery to the narrator and her companions, as is his great prize-winning sow, impounded from public stare. He obviously views the sow as a source of great pride, but also something very secret and personal. Even his barn takes on a mystical quality as the narrator wanders its lantern-corridors as if in a maze. In fact, the speaker will only venture in at dusk to try and catch a glimpse of the wonderous beast. Upon seeing it for the first time (and throughout the remainder of the poem), the speaker describes the sow using a number of comparisons to which the reader can easily relate. First, this was no china piggy bank it had to be taken seriously nor a dolt pig ripe for heckling; it was much too prized to eat. Due to the sows obvious majesty, the narrator is assured that it will never meet the fate of its parsley- haloed; cousins (dinner). Nor is the sow like other common; sows, content just to raise their litters. Finally, the speaker compares the sow, through a literary allusion, to the massive Brobdingnag race of Gullivers Travels, effectively assessing its massive frame. The sow is also given (excuse the pun) dimension through the narrators diction. Words like gape and marvel express her personal wonder at beholding it, while its demeanor and royal massiveness are also shown through specific diction such as lounged, bulk, belly-bedded and dream-filmed. And, in the last stanza, a final allusion attributes to the animal a universal and monumental power, with a barnyard twist: proceeded to swill the seven troughed seas and every earthquaking continent.

Analysis of Barclays Bank Essay

Introduction The process of restructuring the telecommunication sector truly got under way in Cameroon in June 1995, when the authorities decided thoroughly to reform network industry sectors such as water, electricity and telecommunications with a view to creating a favourable environment in which to develop their infrastructure and services and thus to satisfy increasingly exigent demand. The process took the form of liberalization, State withdrawal from the sectors concerned and the establishment of a  market structure enabling Cameroon to remain in step with the especially rapid global developments in the telecommunication sector; indeed, in spite of the investments made, the coverage rate and quality of service offered had remained largely inadequate. The process was carried out not only by defining the conditions and mechanisms liable to guarantee the sector’s opening to private initiative, but also by enacting regulations and taking measures intended to enable the sector to play t he decisive role incumbent on it in Cameroon’s economic development. Telecommunication sector reform in Cameroon is not limited to the establishment of new regulations and legislation, to the revision of the institutional framework and the establishment of an interconnection regime or to the introduction of competition. It should also comprise bringing behaviour in line with the times. One of our chief concerns is therefore also effective application of the regulations with a view to fulfilling the universal service obligation, ensuring consumer protection and providing for effective and appropriate regulation of true competition. The acquisition of the required know-how is the biggest challenge we face. The institutional players on Cameroon’s telecommunications scene are, as in many other African countries, of the opinion that any society that delays in jumping on the NTIC train will remain mired in a state of underdevelopment. Observations Background Before 1990, as in most African countries, telecommunication services were managed by a national publicly-owned monopoly. The administration in charge of telecommunications set the rules, ensured they were applied and was itself an operator. The results did not always live up to expectations. In June 1990, the President of the Republic signed the order on the programme to privatize public and semi-public enterprises. The telecommunication sector was added to the programme in June 1995. In July 1998, law 98/014 governing telecommunications in Cameroon (the Telecommunications Act) was promulgated. It established the Telecommunication Regulatory Agency and attributed sector responsibilities to a variety of players: the operation of  telecommunication networks to operators, regulatory matters, i.e. application of the rules and supervision of operators, to a regulatory body, the definition of sector policy and the enactment of market regulations to the telecommunication administration. In September of the same year, two public enterprises, CAMTEL for the fixed telephone service and CAMTEL MOBILE for the mobile telephone service, were set up to take over the telecommunication activities of the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications and of the public enterprise INTELCAM, which was in charge of operating and developing international telecommunication installations. The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency was set up at the  same time. Immediately after, the sale of a mobile telephone licence and the process of privatizing CAMTEL and CAMTEL MOBILE got under way. In June 1999, a mobile telephone licence was granted to a private enterprise. The privatization of CAMTEL MOBILE was completed in February 2000. The privatization of CAMTEL is not yet complete. A third mobile telephone licence is to be issued. In less than two years, the sector has undergone sweeping change. Suffice it to mention one indicator: in January 2000 there was one mobile telephone operator with about 5 000 subscribers; on 31 March 2001 there were two operators with over 140 000 subscribers. This rapid and in-depth transformation is taking place within a constantly improving legal framework. II A liberal legal framework The development of new technologies and liberalization have permitted access to new telecommunication services which, depending on their specific natures, require appropriate regulation. The Telecommunications Act sets forth a new regulatory framework, opening the telecommunication sector to competition. The framework, which distinguishes between public and private networks, provides for three legal arrangements: concessions, authorizations  and declarations. 1 Concessions The State can grant one or several public or private corporate bodies all or part of its rights to establish and/or operate telecommunication networks. The concession is subject to strict compliance with the requirements set forth in a list of terms and conditions. This arrangement allows the State not only to keep a watchful eye on the harmonious development of modern telecommunication infrastructure, but also and above all to heighten its control over the development and supply of the basic services and facilities us ually demanded by the majority of users. 2 Authorizations The arrangement of prior authorization applies to the establishment and/or operation of telecommunication networks by physical persons or corporate bodies with a view to providing the public with a basic telecommunication service, a value-added service, a bearer service or any other service by using one or several radio frequencies. A list of terms and conditions containing the requirements to be met is attached to the licence issued to the bearer of a prior authorization. The authorization is issued for a fixed period and can be withdrawn under certain circumstances. 3 Declarations Declarations apply to the establishment of private internal networks, low-range and low-capacity private independent networks (that are not radio networks), low-range and low-capacity radio installations (to be determined  by the Administration), and the provision to the public of telecommunication services other than those subject to the arrangements of concession and authorization. Telecommunication terminal equipment is either freely provided or subject to type-approval. Certain provisions of the Telecommunications Act are detailed in decrees and implementing legislation. We shall not examine all of them here; indeed, some of them are still being drafted. The reform in Cameroon established the separation between the regulatory and operating functions. It works in favour of operators being entities controlled by private capital. The general framework for competition is governed by legislation on competition. The legal framework is supplemented by institutions. III 1 A revised institutional framework The telecommunication administration Spectrum management and the legislation and regulations relating to telecommunications are the exclusive domain of the State. The telecommunication administration has been invested, on behalf of the government, with general jurisdiction over the sector. It sets the general regulatory framework. It therefore establishes and implements telecommunication sector policy, whose aim must be to safeguard the missions of public service, to promote harmonious network development throughout the national territory and effective private sector participation in the sector’s wealth and employment-generating activities, and to ensure compliance by all operators with the applicable treaties, laws and regulations. In addition, the administration supervises the telecommunication sector, oversees public telecommunication enterprises, represents the State at international telecommunication-related organizations and events, and manages the radio spectrum on behalf of the State. The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency, which technically answers to the telecommunication administration, is the specialized body in charge of  facilitating actual application of the regulations issued. 2 The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency The organization of the Telecommunication Regulatory Agency established by the Telecommunications Act is set forth in decree No. 98/197 of 8 September 1998. The Agency has three main duties: – to ensure the regulations are implemented; – to guarantee respect for the regulations and the exercise of competition; – to settle certain disputes between operators. The Agency’s regulatory authority is subject to performance of the following activities: – definition of the principles governing tariffs for services; – examination of requests for authorization and declaration and of type-approval files for terminal equipment to be connected to public networks; – establishment of principles for calculating interconnection costs; – establishment and management of numbering plans; – management of the frequencies attributed to telecommunications; – submission to the government of proposals aimed at developing and modernizing the sector; – opinions on draft legislative and regulatory texts concerning telecommunications; – control and penalties for infractions. The Agency is specifically competent to settle disputes concerning interconnection, access to a public network, numbering, cases of harmful interference, and sharing of infrastructure. The Telecommunications Act provides the Agency with a quasi-judicial body and an arbitration procedure can be set in motion should one or the other of the parties be opposed. The parties remain free to bring their case before the competent court. IV Human resources Human resources are the key to management and progress, for they have knowledge, that rarest of economic commodities in the 21st century. The current transition from a monopoly environment to that of controlled competition has given rise to new demands in terms of basic knowledge and know- how in telecommunication regulation. Telecommunication leaders and staff in Cameroon were still dealing with the transition from analogue to digital when circuit switching was suddenly replaced by packet switching. This recent change has reshaped the concept and definition of telecommunication networks and services. Everything must therefore be done to make sure the human resources acquire the skills they need for their own development and that of companies, which create wealth for the well-being of peoples. The Ecole Nationale Supà ©rieure des Postes et Tà ©là ©communications, an independent facility run by the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, provides basic instruction in telecommunications and ICT to technicians (technical and operating staff), supervising technicians (operating technicians and supervisors) and senior technical managers (works engineers and operating inspectors). It plans to organize standing professional certification for the staff of public and private enterprises and of the public administrations in charge of telecommunications and ICT. V International cooperation Cameroon has always been present and active in regional and international telecommunication organizations. It is a member of the Administrative Councils of both the African Telecommunication Union (ATU) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It has had very few bilateral exchanges of experience and information with other African countries. The ineffectiveness of regional (ATU) and subregional organizations (CAPTAC) has precluded the launch at subregional level of cooperation activities aimed at developing telecommunications in Cameroon. At the international level, ITU  has not been closely involved in telecommunication sector reform. In the past eight years, it has provided some technical assistance but otherwise almost no support for telecommunication development projects in Cameroon, possibly because the Area Office in Yaoundà © is not functioning. The capacities of the Area Office in Yaoundà © should be reinforced. Its main duties should be: – To disseminate ITU documents and information in the area. For this, it should have the means required to provide the documentation centres of the main players in each of the area’s countries with the documents and books needed to acquire knowledge in telecommunications and ICT, for most of the sector’s African managers will have to teach themselves. In this respect, hard as opposed to electronic copies remain invaluable in Africa.

Physician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal - 1461 Words

Physician-assisted suicide, abbreviated as PAS, is a topic that carries wide concerns to people in the United States. PAS is being deliberated on whether a physician should be legally allowed to prescribe a lethal drug to its patient. Many views conflict each other on this topic, whether it is because of religion, morals, or ethics. As PAS can be a difficult subject to others, PAS is usually decided by the patient itself. When religion gets involved with the subject of PAS, many religious groups claim that no one should be able to take away God’s creation. God should only be the one to end a person’s life. â€Å"Suicide would then be ‘considered as a rejection of God s sovereignty and loving plan’†(Nicholas). Religious activists say that God does not send any burdens that one will not be able to handle. They also argue that there are many treatments out in the world to help the terminally ill tolerate their pain at moderate levels, but it is widely not accessible, or the terminally ill patients are not willing to comply with the other alternative treatments. However, those who cannot gain access due to reasons like financial issues can value pain. They can view pain and suffering as: a divinely appointed opportunity for learning or purification(Ethical Aspects). Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, wrote an oath; in the oath, he stated that no doctor should assist someone in their death. If the Father of Medicine wrote an oath and medical students swore to it, then theyShow MoreRelatedShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?901 Words   |  4 PagesWhen society ponders over the idea of physician-assisted suicide, they most likely feel that the act itself would compare to murdering someone. Who really has the authority to say what is right or wrong when a loved one wants to end their life because of a terminal illness or a severe physical disability? Should Physician-assisted suicide be Legal in California to make it a euthanasia state like Oregon ? In the article titled â€Å"Nicest Lawmaker Touts Assisted Suicide,† by Clea Benson published The BakersfieldRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1578 Words   |  7 Pagesmeasures. One of the alternative options is Physician-Assisted Suicide; defined as the voluntary ter mination of one’s own life by administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician (â€Å"Physician-assisted†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). In layman’s terms it means that a physician administers medications to the patients to use on their own terms, and it’s entirely up to the patient whether or not to ingest the medication. I know Physician-Assisted Suicide is a practical solution to terminally illRead MoreShould Physician-assisted Suicide Be Legal? 1473 Words   |  6 Pages Should physician-assisted suicide be legal? This debated subject has no right or wrong answer. Assisting someone in death has a felony murder conviction in some cases. There are a few different ways of being charged, but there are certain circumstances. There are many reasons why I am for it and of course, I have reasons against it. When you have a loved one in a vegetative state, does the family say yes or no to â€Å"pulling the plug?† Is it not the same as assisting a person in death? AnotherRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of physician-assisted suicide has become very controversial because of the ethical questions. The physical state of health of the patient, the patient’s personal life, and even the financial pressure of the patient are all factors to consider when contemplating whether or not to legalize this controversial cause of death. Physician-assisted suicide regarding medical ethics states that a physician cannot legally give any patient a lethal injection to end their life, but they can take theRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?761 Words   |  4 Pages We Should be in Favor of Physician-assisted Suicide In a momentous decision released February 6, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Physician-assisted suicide will be legal in Canada within 12 months. This deci-sion has caused a myriad of controversy. Opponents of physician-assisted suicide argue that the constitution recognizes the sanctity of life and no one has the right to end the life of another person’s. Supporters, on the other hand, argue that patients who experience constantRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal935 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscusses the ethics of physician-assisted suicide. In the process of physician-assisted suicide, a doctor purposefully provides a terminally ill patient with the means to take their own life. This is often confused with active euthanasia; however, they are not the same thing. In euthanasia, the doctor administers the lethal drug to the patient, but in physician-assisted suicide, the patient must take the lethal drugs themselves. There is much debate over physician-assisted suicide today. Some peopleRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?847 Words   |  4 PagesShould-Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal In Every State When it comes to the topic of, should physician-assisted suicide be legal in every state, most of us will readily agree that it should be up to a terminally ill person to make that decision. Whereas some are convinced that it is inhumane, others maintain that it is a person’s decision to end their own life. I agree that physician-assisted suicide should be legal in every state because in most cases, people that are terminally ill should haveRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1494 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide A tough issue on the rise in the United States is whether or not Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) should be legal. Physician Assisted Suicide allows a physician to prescribe a lethal dose of medication to a patient to end their life. However, the patient has to take the drugs on their own. PAS would be only offered to those suffering from a terminal illness with less than six months to live. The way these patients go about treating and or living with a terminal illnessRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legal2017 Words   |  9 PagesEnglish 100 Melody Kowach Say No to Physician Assisted Suicide Has anyone ever heard of the term Assisted suicide? The term assisted suicide â€Å" is suicide committed with the aid of another person, who is usually a physician. It usually is called physician assisted suicide because a doctor is providing information on committing suicide with lethal doses of drugs (Assisted). There are many people with a terminal illness considering assisted suicide. Assisted Suicide is legal in five states which is OregonRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1223 Words   |  5 Pagespractice of physician assisted suicide. This would allow terminally ill patients, many of whom have cancer, to make the difficult decision to end their lives peacefully. Doctors are able to simply write their patient a prescription, designed to end a person’s life in a non-painful way. Doctors and medical personnel have struggled with this topic, exploring the various consequences and benefits that come with making assisted suicide legal. Currently, physicia n assisted suicide has been made legal across